KUTTER, Wilhelm Rudolph.

The New Formula for Mean Velocity of Discharge of Rivers and Canals...

translated from Articles in the ‘Cultur-Ingénieur’ by Lowis D’A. Jackson. Folding lithographed frontis. & one lithographed plate. Numerous tables in the text. x, [1], 95, cxl pp. 8vo, orig. blue cloth (a little tired, upper hinge cracked but very strong), spine gilt. London: E. & F.N. Spon, 1876. First edition in English. “The present work first appeared in German in 1870, and was immediately translated into French, Dutch, and Italian. The text is divided into two chapters, the first on flow in open channels generally, and the second on the flow in open channels in earth. This is followed by three tables which give the coefficients of mean velocity of discharge, discharges and mean velocities per second, with a supplementary table of percentages for certain sections. The two plates at the end [actually, at the front] illustrate the trapezoidal sections of channels adopted in the tables and the diagram of coefficients of mean velocity.”–Roberts & Trent, Bibliotheca Mechanica, p. 188. Kutter (1818-88), the Swiss engineer, worked under Emile Oscar Ganguillet (1818-1894) at the Department of Public Works at Bern. Kutter, who was already interested in channel resistance, tested Humphreys’ and Abbot’s formula, comparing its indications with measurements on Swiss mountain streams. His conclusion was that their formula was limited to relatively gentle slopes and that roughness would need to be taken into account. With Ganguillet, Kutter conducted many experiments in mountain streams, determining constants, and proposed mean values for the degree of roughness to be factored into their “generalized” formula for channel resistance. Very good copy. Ex Bibliotheca Mechanica. ❧ Rouse and Ince, History of Hydraulics, pp. 177-79.

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