MARX, Karl.

Zur Kritik der politischen Oekonomie ... Erstes Heft [all published].

Berlin, Franz Duncker, 1859. 8vo, pp. viii, [1] contents, [1] errata, 170; some light browning and spotting, with occasional pencil side-lining; a few small inkspots to the third leaf; Russian bookseller’s stamp to the rear pastedown; a nice copy in a contemporary (Russian?) binding of quarter calf and marbled boards, cloth tips, worn, endpapers browned, spine lettered in blind (in Fraktur). Rare first edition – one of 1000 copies – of the ‘germ’ of Das Kapital. The Kritik was Marx’s first attempt at a general statement of his theories, written following several years’ research in the British Museum. Marx had initially planned a multi-volume work, but he was dissatisfied with it, and no further parts were written or published. The work is, however, of considerable importance: Marx himself described Das Kapital as a continuation of his Zur Kritik der politischen Oekonomie (PMM 339). It represents Marx’s early attempts at the formulation of his economic theories and contains his treatment of the history of value and monetary theory. The preface outlines his classic formulation of historical materialism, and as such is the major Marxist contribution to the interpretation of history and political economy: ‘In the social production of their life, men enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will, relations of production which correspond to a definite stage of the development of their material productive forces. The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which rises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness. The mode of production of material life conditions the social, political and intellectual life process in general. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness …’ (Introduction, p. v., translation taken from Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Selected Works I, 362–4).Die Erstdrucke der Werke von Marx und Engels, p. 23; Menger, col. 251; Rubel 529; Stammhammer, Bibliographie des Sozialismus I, 145; not in Einaudi.

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