GEULINCX, Arnold.

[in Greek type: Gnothi seauton], sive ethica post tristia auctoris fata omnibus suis partibus in lucem edita, & tam seculi hujus, quàm Atheorum quorundam philosophorum impietati, scelestisque moribus, quanquam specioso ut plurimum virtutis prætextu larvatis, opposita, per Philarethum. Cui accessit clariss. Cornelii Bontekoe eruditissimus & utilissimus libellus de Passionibus animae, cum gemina serie rerum, quae utrobique tractantur, per Joh. Flenderum. Editio ultima, ab eodem à mendis ampliùs centum accuratissimè emendata.

Landmark in early modern Western philosophy Amsterdam, Janssonio-Waesbergios, 1709. 12mo. Contemporary vellum, title in ink on spine, red & blue sprinkled edges. Engraved frontispiece, title-page printed in red & black. (32), 437, (1 blank); (8), 110, (9, 3 blank) pp. With separate title page (without imprint and not starting with a new seriesof quires):BONTEKOE, Cornelis. Tractatus ethico-physicus de animi & corporis passionibus, earundemque certissimis remediis, (qui necessarium & utilissimum quarti tractatus ethici Geulingiani est supplementum, imo totius ejusdem ethicae compendium, & quasi anima). Ex manuscripto in lucem fideliter protractus, sectionibusque utilibus, & argumentis in fronte paginarum & paragraphorum omnino necessariis, locóque indicis serie rerum uberiore, ceu integri tractatûs synopsi, ornatus & auctus a Johanne Flendero. Important and influential Cartesian theory of ethics by Arnold Geulincx (1624-1669), first published in 1675. Geulincx had studied philosophy and theology at the University in Louvain, where he also taught for several years, until he was fired in 1658, probably because of his jansenist sympathies. He then went to the Netherlands, where he found a place at Leiden university. Here he was profoundly influenced by Descartes. Geulincx was mainly occupied with the theory of occassionalism, a theory expressing the motions of men as 'occasional', only to be influenced by God. Geulincx, one of the leading occassionalists, believed body and mind to be two separate, independant things, with no interaction between each other. If a person would want to move his body, it would merely be the occasion on which God, the only real cause, produces the movement. Since people cannot control their actions, they can only control their will. The present work on ethics mainly deals with the concept of virtue. Geulincx believed that virtue was centered around the will, i.e. the wish to act virtuous is the most important. The first part of his work - the only part published before Geulincx's death - deals with the according to the author four main virtues, diligence, obedience, justice and humility. After Geulincx's death his pupil Cornelis Bontekoe published a complete edition of the Ethica, disguising himself under the name of Philaretus. This complete edition was based on the first 1665 edition, enlarged with texts from college lectures by Geulincx. Bontekoe takes position in his own publication against the Stoicists, who believed that all passions should be exterminated. He also states that many of the so called "passiones" should be called "vitia animi". Fine copy. Cf. Thijssen-Schoute, pp. 178-184; C. Verhoeven, Het axioma van Geulincx, pp. 14-15.

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